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Hypospadias is a common condition found in about 1 in every 200 boys, and usually detected at birth.

It is a condition where the opening of the urethra (a tube that carries urine outside the body) is on the underside of the penis instead of the tip (normal).

The urethra is a small tube that connects the bladder to the tip of the penis. In hypospadias, the end of this tube (urethra) does not form properly, and the urine can come out the wrong way.

This affects the self-esteem and sexual function of the child in the future. Usually, hypospadias requires surgery unless it is mild. Surgery usually restores the normal appearance of the child’s penis, and they can have normal urination and reproduction in the future.

Types of Hypospadias

Anterior hypospadias: The urethral opening is located near the tip of the penis.

Middle hypospadias: The urethral opening is located in the middle of the penis.

Posterior hypospadias: The urethral opening is located near the base of the penis.

Scrotal hypospadias: The urethral opening is located on the scrotum.

Penoscrotal hypospadias: The urethral opening is located at the base of the penis, near the scrotum.

Perineal hypospadias: The urethral opening is located in the perineum, between the scrotum and the anus.

Hypospadias Symptoms

Signs that indicate your child has hypospadias include:

• Opening of the urethra on the upper side of the penis
• Urine does not pass in a straight stream (abnormal urination)
• The penis has a bend in it (chordee)
• Hooded appearance of the penis (undeveloped foreskin)

Hypospadias Causes

The exact cause of hypospadias is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the known risk factors that may contribute to the development of hypospadias include:

• Genetics
• Hormonal imbalances
• Maternal age
• Other medical conditions
• Environmental factors

Hypospadias Treatment

Hypospadias usually requires surgery.

The goal is to make a typical, straight penis in 4 steps:

• Straightening the penis
• Making a urinary channel
• Positioning the opening in the head of the penis
• Reconstructing the foreskin

Hypospadias can be fixed in children of any age or even in adults.

What to Expect After Hypospadias Treatment?

Modern hypospadias surgery is phenomenally successful. A small tube (catheter) is placed in the penis a few days after surgery to prevent urine from touching the fresh repair. Antibiotics are also given while the catheter is in place. In some cases, medication to treat bladder spasms may also be required.

Are There Any Complications After Hypospadias Surgery?

It is a successful procedure and does not have any serious complications. The most common problems after surgery are:

• Formation of a hole in another place on the penis
• Scars (sutures) interfering with passing urine

If your child complains of leakage of urine from another hole or a slow urinary stream after hypospadias repair surgery, consult your doctor.

How to Care for Your Child at Home After Hypospadias Surgery?

• Apply vaseline to the penis
• Give your child plenty of fluids to drink
• Give pain relief medications if needed (under doctor’s advice)
• Give other antibiotics as instructed by the doctor
• Go for frequent check-ups as suggested by the doctor
• Help your child avoid vigorous activities until advised

Health Check-ups After Hypospadias Surgery

Besides the suggested follow-ups, reach out to your doctor in case you observe the following:

• Severe pain or fever
• the wound becomes red or inflamed
• Not passing enough urine or dark urination
• Any concerns about the catheter
• Any concerns with the dressing

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it Mandatory to Fix Hypospadias?

Hypospadias repair usually requires surgery to restore the normal appearance of the child’s penis.

Many parents ask if surgery is mandatory and if it can be cured without surgery. Most doctors suggest fixing even the most minor forms of hypospadias as the benefits of correction far outweigh its risks later in life.

How Long Does It Take to Heal After Hypospadias Surgery?

Hypospadias (opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis) is corrected with surgery.

Hypospadias surgery is usually a successful procedure. Wound healing after hypospadias repair surgery may take months to heal completely. Also, some swelling and bruising can be there, which gets better over a few weeks.

Conclusion

Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip. It is a relatively common condition that affects male newborns, and its causes are not entirely clear. However, several risk factors, such as genetics and exposure to certain environmental factors, have been identified. Surgery is the primary treatment for hypospadias, and the type of surgery depends on the severity of the condition. Most boys can undergo surgery safely and have successful outcomes. It is essential to consult with a pediatric urologist to determine the best course of treatment for each individual case.