A type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the kidneys. It occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract, travel up to the kidneys, and cause an infection. It can affect anyone, but it is more common in women and can become serious if left untreated.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Pain in the abdomen or back
- High fever
- Chills
- Nausea and vomiting
- Painful urination
- Frequent urination
- Blood in the urine
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Fatigue or weakness
Causes:
Most cases of acute pyelonephritis are caused by bacteria, usually E. coli, that enter the urinary tract through the urethra and bladder and travel up to the kidneys. Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include:
- Being female
- Having a urinary tract obstruction or blockage
- Having a weakened immune system
- Using a catheter or having a urinary tract procedure
- Having a history of UTIs
Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis is typically made based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The common symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, back or abdominal pain, and frequent urination. The physical examination may reveal tenderness in the flank area, and laboratory tests may show an elevated white blood cell count and bacteria in the urine.
Treatment:
The treatment of acute pyelonephritis typically involves antibiotics to eliminate bacterial infection. The choice of antibiotics depends on the severity of the infection, the type of bacteria causing the infection, and the patient’s medical history. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring of the patient’s condition.
Prevention:
Some measures that can help prevent acute pyelonephritis include drinking plenty of fluids, urinating frequently, wiping from front to back after using the toilet, avoiding douches and feminine hygiene sprays, and avoiding using public toilets without proper hygiene measures.
When to see a doctor?
It is important to see a doctor if you experience any symptoms of acute pyelonephritis, such as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, back or abdominal pain, and frequent urination. Prompt treatment can help prevent complications.
Myths and Facts:
Myth: Only women can get acute pyelonephritis.
Fact: Both men and women can get acute pyelonephritis, although it is more common in women.
Myth: Drinking cranberry juice can cure acute pyelonephritis.
Fact: While cranberry juice may help prevent urinary tract infections, it is not a treatment for acute pyelonephritis. Antibiotics are needed to treat the infection.
Myth: Acute pyelonephritis is not a serious condition.
Fact: Acute pyelonephritis can cause serious complications if left untreated, such as kidney damage and sepsis.
FAQs:
Q: Can acute pyelonephritis be caused by a virus?
A: No, acute pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria.
Q: Can acute pyelonephritis go away on its own?
A: No, acute pyelonephritis requires treatment with antibiotics.
Q: Can I take over-the-counter pain relievers for back or abdominal pain associated with acute pyelonephritis?
A: It is best to consult with a doctor before taking any medication for the pain associated with acute pyelonephritis.
Q: How long does it take to recover from acute pyelonephritis?
A: The recovery time varies depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s overall health. It can take several weeks to fully recover from acute pyelonephritis.
